Underfloor heating is one of the most efficient and comfortable ways to heat a home. It provides steady warmth, removes cold spots, and works well with modern energy systems. But how does it actually work?

This short guide explains how underfloor heating operates, the difference between electric and water systems, and why it’s often a better choice than traditional radiators.

The Principle Behind Underfloor Heating

Underfloor heating works by spreading heat evenly across the entire floor. The warmth rises gently through the room, keeping every part of the space at a comfortable temperature.

Instead of heating the air directly, the system warms the floor surface. This radiant heat feels natural and consistent, even at lower temperatures. Because the heat is spread more efficiently, underfloor heating uses less energy to maintain comfort.

Types of Underfloor Heating Systems

There are two main types of underfloor heating: water-based (wet) and electric (dry). Both systems deliver radiant heat but use different methods.

Water Underfloor Heating

A water-based system circulates warm water through pipes installed beneath the floor. The pipes connect to a heat source such as a boiler or heat pump.

The water flows through the pipes at around 35–45°C, which is much lower than the temperature used for radiators. This lower temperature means the system is more energy-efficient while still producing plenty of heat.

Water systems are best suited for new builds or major renovations where the floor can be built up to include the pipe network.

Electric Underfloor Heating

Electric underfloor heating uses heating mats or cables instead of water pipes. When electricity passes through the cables, they heat the floor surface directly.

Electric systems are easier and quicker to install, making them ideal for smaller rooms, bathrooms, or retrofit projects. They are controlled by individual thermostats, allowing precise temperature control in each room.

Installation Overview

Installing underfloor heating involves laying insulation boards to prevent heat loss and then placing the pipes or cables on top. Once installed, the floor covering — such as tiles, wood, or vinyl — is added above the heating layer.

Electric systems are usually installed with minimal floor build-up, while water systems may require a screed layer to embed the pipes. Both options work best when paired with good floor insulation to direct heat upward.

Energy Efficiency and Running Costs

Underfloor heating runs at a lower temperature but provides the same comfort level as radiators. Because of this, it uses less energy.

The even heat distribution also means thermostats can be set a few degrees lower, saving more on heating bills. In addition, underfloor systems retain heat longer, reducing how often they need to turn on.

Comfort and Health Benefits

The gentle radiant heat from the floor creates a more natural warmth. Unlike radiators, which heat the air unevenly, underfloor heating removes drafts and cold spots.

It also helps improve air quality because it reduces air circulation and dust movement. This makes it an excellent option for allergy sufferers and anyone looking for a cleaner, more comfortable environment.

Flooring Compatibility

Most modern flooring materials are suitable for underfloor heating. Tiles, stone, engineered wood, and vinyl are all excellent conductors of heat.

Carpet can also be used if the combined tog value of the carpet and underlay does not exceed 2.5. This allows the warmth to transfer effectively without trapping heat below the surface.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does underfloor heating use a lot of electricity?
No. It uses lower temperatures to heat a larger surface area, which makes it very efficient when properly installed and insulated.

Can I use underfloor heating with any boiler?
Most modern boilers and heat pumps are compatible, especially condensing boilers designed for low-temperature systems.

How long does it take to warm up?
Electric systems can heat up in around 30 minutes. Water-based systems take longer but retain heat for many hours, keeping rooms warm even after the system turns off.

Underfloor heating works by delivering gentle, even heat from the floor upward. It’s efficient, comfortable, and ideal for both new homes and renovations.

Whether you choose an electric or water-based system, underfloor heating offers lower running costs, improved comfort, and a modern heating solution built to last.

For expert advice or installation, contact The Underfloor Heating Company teams today.

Our specialists can help you design and install the right system for your property.